What is emergency contraception? And what are the different types?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), emergency contraception (EC) refers to methods of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse. These are recommended for use within 5 days but are more effective the sooner they are used after the act of intercourse. 

When can emergency contraception be used?

EC can be taken after sexual intercourse that was unprotected or where the used method of contraception is suspected to have failed, such as a broken condom or missing days while on the oral contraceptive pills. 

How does it work?

There are two types of EC: pills and the copper intrauterine device (also known as an IUD). EC pills prevent pregnancy by preventing or delaying ovulation and they do not induce an abortion. The copper IUD prevents fertilization by causing a chemical change in sperm and egg before they meet. Emergency contraception cannot interrupt an established pregnancy or harm a developing embryo.

How do I initiate EC?

1. A copper IUD serves as an emergency contraception method if it is inserted within the first 7 days after the unprotected sex occurs. It also serves as a long-term contraceptive method. A copper IUD must be inserted into the uterus by a medical professional, so you can go to a gynecologist at a private clinic or a primary healthcare center. 
2. Pills
   1. UPA single dose, such as EllaOne, is taken once as soon as possible within the first five days after unprotected intercourse. 
   2. Levonorgestrel which is the generic name of Plan B, Purple Line and others. If you get a single-dose brand, then take the pill as soon as possible within the first three days after the unprotected intervourse. If you get a two-dose brand, make sure to read the leaflet in the box carefully and take the pills as instructed. 
   3. Combined Levonorgestrel + Ethinylestradiol taken using the Yuzpe method. In Lebanon, this is sold under the names NorLevo and Microgynon which are normally used as regular contraception pills. Method: Take 4 pills as soon as possible after the unsafe sex. Then, take 4 pills after 12 hours until you’ve taken 8 pills in total. 

Safety and side effects

The side effects of taking emergency contraceptive pills are similar to those of oral contraceptive pills. That includes nausea, vomiting, slight irregular vaginal bleeding, and fatigue. These effects are only temporary and should subside once the effect of the EC pills wears off. Taking EC pills has no harmful effects on fertility.

I took emergency contraception, now what?

It depends on each person’s situation. If it was a one-night stand or someone you only see every now and then, you might want to keep using EC pills when you do have sex. Consider using a barrier method such as an internal or external condom to prevent pregnancy as well as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, if you want a method that provides more long-term protection from unwanted pregnancy, take a look at our “Choosing Your Contraception Method” (link) section to learn more about the different methods.

We invite you to listen to our podcast on emergency contraception, and if you still have any questions, feel free to contact our sexuality hotline at 76680620.